http://dspace.cityu.edu.hk:80/handle/2031/702 2013-04-30T10:06:52Z http://dspace.cityu.edu.hk:80/handle/2031/6526 Title: An exploration of the social service role strain, social service role stress and empowerment of frontline police officers in China Authors: Wang, Xiaohai ( 王小海) Abstract: This study examines the possible relationships between police social service role strain (PSSRS), police social service role stress (PSSRSS), police social service structural empowerment (PSSSE) and police social service psychological empowerment (PSSPE) among frontline police officers in China. Based on theories of role strain, structural empowerment and psychological empowerment, a conceptual model of Police Social Service Role Stress-Strain and Coping is established. This study adopts a two-phase (quantitative and qualitative approaches) sequential explanatory design. In the first phase, a questionnaire is used to collect data from a sample of two hundred frontline community patrol officers in Shenzhen Public Security Bureau (China). After conducting the quantitative analysis, the author uses in-depth interviews to explore the nature of PSSRS, PSSRSS, PSSSE and PSSPE from 12 selected interviewees’ insights. According to the results of the survey and in-depth interviews, the participants report a comparatively high level of PSSRS and PSSRSS, and seem to perceive a low level of PSSSE and have a weak sense of PSSPE. It has been found that there are significantly positive correlations between PSSRSS and PSSRS and negative relationships between PSSSE, PSSPE and PSSRS. The emergence of PSSRSS, PSSSE, PSSPE, PSSRS and their correlations needs to be understood as dependent upon the development of Chinese policing and the Chinese police organization. In reviewing the development of Chinese policing in the pre-reform period, the dual social control (informal and formal) mechanism with emphasis on informal social control followed the mass line of policing and operated very well for social service delivery in China. During the reform era, Chinese policing is characterized by strike-hard campaigns, police professionalization, and police professional ethics which are highly concerned with the emergence of PSSRS and PSSRSS. Many limits of paramilitary-bureaucratic structure in Chinese police organization are closely concerned with respondents’ perception of a low level of PSSSE and PSSPE. The author proposes a model for understanding and coping with PSSRS among frontline police officers. Many suggestions are made for inhibiting the emergence of PSSRSS and improving the empowerment in the police organization. Notes: CityU Call Number: HV8260.A2 W37 2010; xii, 373 p. : ill. 30 cm.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 331-347) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.cityu.edu.hk:80/handle/2031/6152 Title: A study on the implementation of a positive youth development program (Project P.A.T.H.S.) for secondary on ethnic minority students living in Hong Kong Authors: Wun, King Fung Keith (尹競風) Abstract: Project P.A.T.H.S. is a curricular-based program that attempts to promote positive youth development in Hong Kong. It is a universal program providing for junior secondary school students in the participating schools. With more than 30 evaluation studies carried by the Project P.A.T.H.S. research team, none has evaluated its impact on ethnic minority students living in Hong Kong. Counting for about 5% of the total population, non-Chinese are living in a rather disadvantaged position. An effective implementation of positive youth development program during their adolescence stage would surely help promote them a better life in Hong Kong. The aims of this study is to: 1) understand the expectations that S1 ethnic minority Hong Kong students have for a youth development program, 2) explore the effectiveness of Project P.A.T.H.S. as perceived by ethnic minority students, and 3) explore critical factors for successfully achieving the intended learning outcomes of Project P.A.T.H.S. It is a process evaluation study. Qualitative methods are adopted in which data was obtained through class observations (in three schools) and in-depth interviews (for twenty-two students) in 2007-2008 school year. Discussion is made on: 1) Ethnic minority students' expectation for youth development program, 2) effectiveness of Project P.A.T.H.S. as perceived by ethnic minority students (in terms of 5C: Connection, Competence, Confidence, Contribution and Character), and 3) People, Program, and Process as critical factors for effective program implementation. The limitations and recommendations of this study, together with suggestions for future research are pinpointed at the end of this paper. Notes: CityU Call Number: LB1620.53.C6 W86 2010; viii, 232 leaves 30 cm.; Thesis (M.Phil.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 201-216) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.cityu.edu.hk:80/handle/2031/6151 Title: Managing institutions : survival of minban secondary schools in mainland China Authors: Wang, Ying (王穎) Abstract: Minban education has already established its position in China's education system. Diversification, uneven development across regions, market-oriented, coexistence and confusion of multiple ownerships are its major features. However, there is still limited systematic study on its operation. The emergence of minban schools represents the parents and students' need for alternative education. The external demands from these stakeholders, as well as from the government, constitute the institutional environment impelling the survival and development of minban schools. At the same time, the individual schools themselves are also responding to and shaping the institutional environment. This study adopts the ideas of new institutionalism to analyze minban schools as a form of organization, and its interaction with the institutions. The study of institutions includes the regulative, normative and cognitive dimensions. This study aims to explore the new features of the evolving educational institutional environment and the strategies that minban schools adopt to manage the institutions in this environment. Qualitative research methodology - multiple case study - was adopted. As observed in the new educational institutional environment, there are four types of minban schools: the converted minban school, the affiliated minban school, the private capital invested minban school and the international minban school. A total of eight minban secondary schools in Taiyuan and Shenzhen were chosen to represent these diverse types of minban schools. Data collection methods such as archival review, field participant observation and in-depth interview, were adopted to collect data. The study showed that the reemergence of market and its principles, the decentralization of government and segmentation of its power and authority, the bureaucratic profession coupled with the consumerist profession of teachers, and the investment-oriented and 'education-as-consumption' culture engendered an increasingly multiple institutional environment for minban schools. Different types of minban schools co-existed, with each type of school occupying their own unique location in the continuum from 'domesticated' and 'public', to 'wild' and 'private'. Differential locations reflected the 'differential order' of different types of minban schools in this institutional environment. The converted minban school, the affiliated minban school, the private capital invested minban school, and the international minban school were located, in order, according to their distance from the government and public system. Such hierarchical arrangement of minban schools took shape according to the bureaucratic arrangement of the government's regulative institution. Concurrently, the normative and cognitive institutions also contributed to shape the boundary of order: maintaining and/or changing the boundary and arrangement of differential order. The study argued that the institutions influence the differential order of minban schools and through this, delimit the strategies that each school, as an organization within the institutional environment, selected to cope with the institutions. These strategies could be categorized as 'capitalize', 'advocacy', 'avoidance', and 'isolation'. During the process of interaction between organizations and institutions, the boundaries of differential order changed, and at the same time the components of institutions are interpreted and re-interpreted, which in turn adjusted the room for organization's autonomy. Minban schools have greater freedom from regulatory control, and within, different types of schools will have different extent of freedom enjoyed. according to their differential order. However, they all actively derived strategies to manage institutions in order to expand their autonomy. In this process, resources, protection and support (gained from trust), received from the local governments and parents, were mobilized for their own pursuits. This study confirmed that, alongside the increasing number of minban schools, the demands from these new types of organizations and the parents' increasing engagement in education, were meaningful in cultivating a primitive form of civil society. However, the function of minban schools proposed by the government seemed more of a myth than reality. They could not lead to a substantial improvement of the educational system. The government still maintained substantial control on minban schools through the power vested upon them by the bureaucratic structure, and re-penetrated into the new institutional environment via new forms of regulation and governance. Notes: CityU Call Number: LC54.C6 W36 2010; xii, 409 leaves 30 cm.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 382-405) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://dspace.cityu.edu.hk:80/handle/2031/6150 Title: Intimacy, passion, commitment and satisfaction in romantic relationships : the effects of duration, partner and perception Authors: Ng, Ting Kin (吳挺堅) Abstract: In the light of the literature on loving relationships, the present research attempted to refine Sternberg's (1986, 2006) triangular theory of love and derive further explanations of phenomena in romantic relationships. In particular, the roles of relationship duration, the partner's feelings of love, and the perception of the partner were investigated. Two separate studies were conducted for these purposes. Study one aimed at inspecting (a) the contributions of intimacy, passion, and commitment to satisfaction in romantic relationships, (b) the effects of relationship stage and relationship length on the triangular love components, and (c) the moderating effects of relationship stage and relationship length on the associations between the three components of love and relationship satisfaction. Questionnaires were administered to 168 Chinese people currently involved in a heterosexual romantic relationship. The results indicated that intimacy and commitment were independent predictors of relationship satisfaction, whereas passion influenced relationship satisfaction indirectly through affecting intimacy and commitment. Regarding the effect of relationship duration on love, the three components followed significant linear and quadratic trends across the five relationship stages (casually dating, seriously dating, exclusively dating, engaged, and married). Participants at the engaged stage reported the highest levels of intimacy, passion, and commitment. Significant quadratic trends of intimacy and passion and a significant linear trend of commitment over relationship length also emerged. Concerning the moderating effect of relationship duration on the influences of the love components on relationship satisfaction, the effect of commitment was found to be stronger at later stages. Contrary to the prediction, passion was found to be increasingly influential over relationship length. Another unexpected finding was that relationship duration did not appear to moderate the impact of intimacy on relationship satisfaction. The second study aimed to examine (a) the effects of the partner's levels of intimacy, passion, and commitment on the actor's relationship satisfaction, (b) the negative effects of the actual discrepancies between a couple's levels of the triangular love components on relationship satisfaction, (c) the influences of the actor's and the partner's levels of the love components on the actor's perception of the partner, (d) the associations between actual discrepancies in the love components and the perceived discrepancies, (e) the mediating effect of the actor's perception of the partner's love on the relationship between the partner's love and the actor's relationship satisfaction, (f) the mediating effect of the perceived discrepancies in love on the associations between actual discrepancies and relationship satisfaction. Questionnaires were collected from 79 Hong Kong Chinese couples. The results revealed that both the actor's and the partner's levels of intimacy, passion, and commitment were predictive of the actor's relationship satisfaction and the actor's perception of the partner's love. Moreover, the effects of the partner's love on the actor's relationship satisfaction were found to be mediated by the actor's perception. On the other hand, the actual discrepancies between a couple's levels of the love components were related to dissatisfaction and the couple's perceived discrepancies. Furthermore, the negative influences of the actual discrepancies in love on relationship satisfaction were mediated by the perception of the discrepancies. Notes: CityU Call Number: BF575.L8 N49 2010; xiv, 172 leaves 30 cm.; Thesis (M.Phil.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-167) 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z