泰國、坦桑尼亞小學生漢語口語流利性研究

Abstract

爲了探討母語背景對漢語口語流利性的影響，本研究以來自泰國和坦桑尼亞當地漢語課堂的20名泰國小學生和20名坦桑尼亞小學生為實驗組、20名中國小學生為對照組，定量和定性分析三組實驗者的七項漢語口語流利性發音指標（語速、發音時間比、平均停頓長度等），探討出泰語和斯瓦希里語兩種母語背景因素對學習者漢語口語流利性的影響。 本文分爲五章，第一章縱觀國内外有關第二語言口語流利性的研究歷史，首先明確了本實驗的口語流利性的操作性定義，然後總結了前人關於第二語言口語流利性的獲得、影響因素、定量分析等研究，從而確定了本研究的主要方向和研究方法。第二章設計實驗操作流程以及對實驗所要測量的語音指標進行確定。第三章按照泰國小學生和中國小學生、坦桑尼亞小學生和中國小學生、泰國小學生和坦桑尼亞小學生分類的方式從不同角度考察泰國小學生和坦桑尼亞小學生的漢語口語流利性差異。第四章重點探究本實驗的研究結果，發現泰國、坦桑尼亞小學生普遍具有較多次數的停頓、言語重複、更改等不自然的口語表現，而他們的語速和語流長度卻可以達到接近母語者的水平。此外，無論是中國小學生、泰國小學生還是坦桑尼亞小學生，男生的語速、發音速度都明顯快於女生。第五章是總結，並針對本研究的不足之處提供了今後的第二語言習得研究方向。 In order to explore the influence of first language on the Chinese speech fluency, we investigated 20 Thai pupils and 20 Tanzanian pupils from local primary school selected as experimental group and 20 Chinese pupils as control group. We measured their speech rate, phonation/time ratio, average length of pause, et al., the influences of first language (Thai and Swahili) on the Chinese speech fluency were discussed with quantitative and qualitative analysis. This paper was divided into five chapters. The first chapter looked at the research history of fluency in second language all around the world. First, it clarified the operational definition of oral fluency in this experiment, and then summarized the research on L2 oral fluency acquisition, factors, quantitative analysis and so on, so as to determine the main direction and methods of this study. The second chapter used seven speech indexes to design the experiment in Thailand and Tanzania respectively. The third chapter examined the differences on speech fluency performance between Thai pupils and Tanzanian pupils from different perspectives. The fourth chapter showed the result that Thai pupils and Tanzanian pupils generally had more times on the pause, repetition, changes and other unnatural oral performance than Chinese pupils, while their speech rate and mean length of speech run can be achieved as close as native speakers. In addition, boys’ speech rate and articulation rate is faster than girls’ whatever they come from. Last chapter is summary. Given that shortcomings of this study, there are still some research directions on second language acquisition.