Spectroscopic analysis of DNA and RNA G-quadruplex structure

Abstract

G - quadruplex ( G4 ) is a stable right - handed helical structure that has a sequence which rich in guanine. G - quadruplexes also play key roles of regulatory in biological pathways which include but not limited to transcription, polyadenylation, translation and telomere maintenance. Moreover, some research in recent show G4 has different application that can be used to address some human diseases such as cancer. A G4 aptamer is a notable example which is a ligand that can target cell selectively and deliver the wanted materials into the target cell. In order to learn more about the relationship between deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA ) G4 and their chemical / biological properties, five spectroscopic assays were used in this study which are Circular Dichroism ( CD ), UV melting, NMM ligand enhanced fluorescence, ThT ligand enhanced fluorescence and intrinsic fluorescence. Most of our selected gene in this study show there are formation of G4 with the used of the above five assays. The G4s found also undergo further analysis to understand the G4s specific topology and their chemical properties with the presence of different ligands. The analyzed results obtained were found that the DNA G4 structures caused significantly effect on promoter activity which act a as major drivers of human gene expression-associated phenotypes and the RNA G4 also contribute to the alterative splicing modulation.